John Wiley, New York, 824 pp.ĭuffield, G.M., 1996. McGraw-Hill, New York, 405 pp.ĭomenico, P.A. Concepts and Models in Groundwater Hydrology. Geostatistical analysis of interwell transmissivity in heterogeneous aquifers. Spatial averaging of transmissivity in heterogeneous fields with flow toward a well. Numerical estimation of effective permeability in sand-shale formations. Academic Press, Orlando, FL.ĭesbarats, A.J., 1987. Quantitative Hydrogeology, Groundwater Hydrology for Engineers. John Wiley, New York, 463 pp.ĭe Marsily, G., 1986. A generalized graphical method for evaluating formation constants and summarizing well-field history. Average permeabilities of heterogeneous oil sands. Pumping tests in non-uniform aquifers: The radially asymmetric case. Variable-rate pumping tests for radially symmetric non-uniform aquifers. Relationship between pumping-test and slug-test parameters: Scale effect or artifact? Ground Water, 36(2): 305–313.īutler, J.J., Jr. A stochastic analysis of pumping tests in laterally non-uniform media. The role of pumping tests in site characterization: Some theoretical considerations. Pumping tests in non-uniform aquifers-the radially symmetric case. dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA., 230 pp.īutler, J.J., Jr., 1988. Pumping Tests in Non-uniform Aquifers: A Deterministic and Stochastic Analysis. Alberta Research Council Bulletin 37, Edmonton, 60 pp.īutler, J.J., Jr., 1986. Estimating sustainable yield to a well in heterogeneous strata. Alberta Research Council Bulletin 35: 31–39.īibby, R., 1979. Characteristics of pumping tests in heterogeneous clastic sediments, Edmonton, Alberta. The constrained type curve matches provide more reasonable estimates for T near individual observation wells than analysis of drawdown curves independently.īarker, J.A. Analysis of discrete drawdown curves as integral members of the family of curves provides a means to constrain type curve matches and minimizes force-fitting if drawdown data are defined for large values of t/r 2 for at least one well. A composite analysis of all of the drawdown data within the family yields an estimate of the average T within the cone of depression. All of the drawdown curves within a family converge on a single curve at large values of t/r 2. Separation between discrete drawdown curves within a family provides a qualitative measure of the degree of heterogeneity within the cone of depression. Log-log plots of drawdown versus t/r 2 for multiple well aquifer tests form families of curves that are characteristic of the distribution of observation wells and the degree of heterogeneity within the cone of depression. This apparent scale effect is related to the force-fitting of earlytime drawdown data to the steep portion of the Theis type curve without sufficient late-time drawdown data to constrain vertical shifting of the drawdown data relative to the type curve. Simulations of two multiple well aquifer tests with simple, arbitrary distributions of block heterogeneities suggest that transmissivity (T) and storativity values derived from independent drawdown curves by the Theis (1935) method generally increase with distance from the pumping well. These aquifer coefficients often are considered to represent some type of average of the materials between and/or about the pumping well and the observation wells. Transmissivity and storativity values derived from independent drawdown curves plotted as drawdown versus time (t) or drawdown versus time/distance 2 (t/r 2) usually differ from observation well to observation well. These effects are masked within observation well drawdown data such that “good” Theis (1935) type curve matches often result. Drawdown at observation wells reflects the removal of water from storage in the aquifer and transient refraction of ground water pathlines during the evolution of a non-symmetrical cone of depression. Aquifer coefficients derived from nonsteady-state, multiple well, aquifer tests in laterally heterogeneous environments often have uncertain meaning.
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